COLOMBIA`S
INDEPENDENCE- JULY 20TH
BY MARIA JOSE ARIAS
BACKGROUND
Cristobal
colon proposed the King and queen of Spain support to Exchange merchandise. On
August 3rd 1492 la niña, la pinta and santa maria departed and on
their way they met a new continent found by Americo Vespucio which was name
America. Spaniards started to establish cities in Colombian territories turning
Spain into the most powerful nation in the world. The Borbon family wanted to reestablish
Spanish imperialism meanwhile the creoles were completely against the treatment
and abuses they were receiving and communicated 17 petitions to the Spanish
regime.
Jose
Antonio Galan organized the rebellion and he was later executed.
Creoles
felt threatened by the Napoleonic conquer over Spain and the fact that he posed
his brother over Spanish power and for this reason Colombian population
gathered and created a plan to be developed on July 20th were they were going
to create rebellion over the borrowing of the “florero de Llorente” in order to
take the vice King out of power. Several cities had become independent of
Spain.
Antonio
Nariño and Camilo Torres represented each different ideal which after fighting
over these ideals Tunja`s federalism was recognized.
Spain
planned what was called the “reconquista”.
Simon
Bolivar (influenced by European idelas of illustration) along with Nariño and
Francisco de Paula Santander (politician called “el hombre de las leyes”) and
they planned a campaign to grant the Nueva Granada’s Independence which
concluded in the Batalla de Boyaca were we were granted with our independence
CAUSES
INTERNAL CAUSES
1.
Comuneros revolution
Armed raisings and manifestations which took
place in Colombia by the year 1781 because of the rising of prices in taxes
under the excuse of looking the imposition of borbonic reforms but the only
purpose it had was to be able to finance French participation in a battle over North
American independence
2.
Antonio Nariños translation of the
declaration of human rights
Antonio Nariño one of the pioneers of
revolution and one of the defenders of people against abuses in Nueva Granada
translated from French to Spanish the most important outcome of the French
revolution, Human rights declaration (1794)
3.
Botanical expedition
Expedition leaded by Jose Celestino Mutis with
the purpose of creating a conscience regarding the nature and natural resources
that the nation possessed and as well to find new alternatives (medicine and
investigation). This brought as well new research capabilities for the nation.
4.
Memorial de agravios
1809. Document written by Camilo torres
were he emphasizes the territories of the new world and turning this document
into a key path to fin the Colombian identity. It’s considered as a call of
equality.
“¡Igualdad! Santo derecho de la igualdad, justicia que estribas en esto, y
en dar a cada uno lo que es suyo”
5.
1782 death of Jose Antonio Galan
EXTERNAL CAUSES
1.
U.S independence
Proclaimed
on July 4th, 1776 because of the unconformity that was causing the
imposition of new taxes by part of the British. This independence movement
prove the creoles that economic, social and political freedom was possible
2.
French revolution and Spain`s
situation in 1808
The basic
fall of the French monarchy left as its main phrase “liberty, equality,
fraternity” which also influenced other movements such as the American
revolution with the following factors to be taken into account:
Social: unfair societal division
(nobility- privileged states) No rights
Political: unjust government.
“Coward” government. Unstable government. Weak leadership (LEADERS- LOUIS AND
MARIE ANTOINETTE)
Economic: Frances economy was
in decline. Marie Antoinette expended all the money. DEFICIT. Peasants had to
pay all taxes. Church and nobility owned all the lands just for themselves.
Cultural: enlightenment ideals
General: government didn’t care
about infrastructure, health or organizing the economy.
On the other hand Spain was passing through a
terrible situation regarding its stability due to the Napoleonic invasion in
1808 were Napoleon took the king put of power and settled his brother.
MAIN EVENTS
v Independence movements didn’t just
start at Santa fe but in different locations of the country
v July 3rd 1810: people
from Cali redacted and signed an edict which proclaimed the sovereignty that
existed over the province of Popayan, but still they gave recognition to the
king
v July 20th 1810: creoles
gathered at a central point were they asked Llorente the borrowing of a jar
with the excused that it was necessary for the welcoming of Antonio
Villavicencio, which he denied and he started to be insulted by Morales. All of
this was just an excuse to create the manifestations that took place at the
plaza were creoles started to ask and celebrate the calling for cabildos
(PRIMER GRITO DE INDEPENDENCIA)
v Simon Bolivar started to conform
along with Francisco de Paula Santander a big nation conformed by Colombia,
Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela and Ecuador
v 1813: the King Fernando VII took
power again over Spain and had the purpose of reestablishing power over the
lost colonies in America
v 1815: Spanish king sent his troops
under the control of Pablo Morillo (experienced military of the war against the
French republic). The campaign started to take place over Cartagena were the
citizens resisted successfully for 106 days but they got to a point were hunger
and pressure took them to surrender to Spanish forces
v 1816: the Reign of Terror became
murillo`s public campaign based on pressure. Nine leaders of revolution were
murdered and among those: Policarpa Salavarrieta, Antonio Santos, Antonio
Villavicencia, Jose Maria Carbonell, Camilo Torres, Francisco Jose de Caldas
v Batalla del Pantano de Vargas: July
25th, 1819 which took place in Boyaca which had as purpose to close
the way to military.
v August 7th 1819: DEFINITE
INDEPENDENCE FOR COLOMBIA
CONSECUENCES
Ø Economic: the
independence movements obstructed economic systems established by the Spanish
regime. New complications to administer natural resources emerged
Ø Political: governmental
positions were assumed by creoles knowing that Spaniards were taken out of
power
Ø Social: new
social structures were established and there were several reforms regarding the
social aspects in which the nation was living (indigenous people were considered
citizens). Slow growing in Colombia`s population
Ø Illustration became
an influential factor regarding the perceptions over topics such as society
Ø No matter how harsh things could seem to be during recent times after
the independence process consequences keep being shown up to today and a very
important consequences is regarding colombiars growth regarding external
relationships, the ability to develop trade with the international community,
treat problems regarding violence and grant a stable political system
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